Category Archives: A Marketer’s Guide to Agile Development

A Marketer’s Guide to Agile Development – Why the Numbers Still Don’t Match

So you got a business intelligence system. It’s gonna be great! No more frustrating meetings where you spend half an hour wrangling over whose sales number is right! One source of truth, pure and simple! Suckerrrrr. Like Oscar Wilde said, the truth is never pure and rarely simple.

For instance, your BI system will have selectable date ranges – Harry will pick Monday through Sunday, Sally will opt for Sunday through Saturday, and they’ll both label it as “last week” on their slides. And then, there’s the problem of departmental myopia.

The data:

The Simple Question: How many widgets did we sell last week?

BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE TEAM

Ten. You put ‘WDGT’ in the prompt box. There’s ten of those. Where did the other two go? I don’t know, but feel free to put in a ticket and we’ll look into it after the tomorrow’s sprint 5 release.

FINANCE

Four. The ones with the MarginBuster promo are zero margin, so they aren’t really sales. Damn those Marketing guys…

MARKETING

Eight. Our MarginBuster promo code brought in eight sales. Gotta run, getting my chest waxed this afternoon.

WEB ANALYTICS

Three. WebTrends says three. Offline sales? Uh, geez, I seem to have left my abacus at home, bro. No taggie, no countie.

OPERATIONS

Eleven. One canceled. Sales guaranteed him the widget would get him first position on Google for the term “cool”.

FULFILLMENT

Four. We don’t count the load if it ain’t in their abode. If it ain’t come to fruition, you don’t get your commission. If it ain’t off the truck, it’s not worth a…well, we don’t count it yet.

SALES

Twelve. Gimme my bonus.

A Marketer’s Guide To Agile Development – There Are No Dumb Questions – Oh, Sure There Are…

Hey Marketers – Admit it, you chuckled that time you heard your Dev team brethren talk about “sending out an email blast” and that other time they confused the terms headline and tagline. News flash — Dev’s laughing at you too. Get acquainted with Agile so you’ll know better than to ask these side-splitters:

Can you give me admin rights to my computer so I can install Agile?

Nope. It’s a process, not a product. You would no more “install Agile” than you would “install cross-branding”. Well, maybe you might need to be set up with rights to certain sharing areas, virtual meeting tools, perhaps a project tool such as Basecamp or GoPlan. But you probably will not need anything at all installed in order to get involved in your company’s Agile process.

That stand-up meeting is really messing with my schedule – can we make it weekly instead of daily?

Don’t be such a Marketer. I know, it’s early. Yes, it’s daily. But if your organization uses scrum, and you’re the business owner, you gotta be there. If you’re not, the iterations happen without you. And decisions will be made that you may not like.

Just email me that Kanban, okay?

Well, maybe. A Kanban board is usually an actual board. It can be photographed and emailed, I guess. But (a) it’s changing constantly, and (b) a key point of Kanban is the players being there to look at it. Not every Agile shop uses Kanban, but it’s useful to know what it is.

How much does one of those Agile licenses cost?

Nothing. Bupkes. Agile is a decision you make to develop software in a certain way. There’s no Agile division of Microsoft trolling around to sell you a license for it. Yet.

Can I CapEx this Agile installation?

No. If you buy special furniture to accomodate an Agile environment, you could probably take that as a capital expense. But you don’t CapEx thought.

But it’s only 2:45. The release isn’t until 4:30. Why can’t you squeeze the great new idea I thought of in the shower this morning for the splash page nav into the release?

Because. Lean requirements and documentation may make Agile seem casual, but it’s not a stream of consciousness – there is discipline in a healthy Agile shop. There is a specific rhythm to the release schedule, and that rhythm includes hard dates. Requirements have due dates, and so does code complete (which means just what it sounds like). If you know so little about the release schedule that you think this is a legitimate question, reach out to someone on the dev team to explain it to you. Or click my previous post to learn that “we welcome changing requirements, even late in the development cycle” carries a little fine print.

A Marketer’s Guide to Agile Development – Scrum Etiquette

Don’t all speak at the same time.
If the team members in your sister office wanted to dial into a daily cocktail party, they’d have transferred to Marketing.

Lose the attitude.
Don’t get all huffy and snarl “of course it’s on the documentation wiki!” at 8:03am when your wiki update is datestamped 8:01am.

Never refuse a breath mint if a colleague offers you one.
Sausage croissants smell great before you eat them. Afterward, not so much. Early morning, crowded meeting – I’m just saying.

Be on time.
Scrums are fifteen minutes long. That’s it. No wonder you’re always five minutes late for it. A grande half-skinny half-caf half-Equal split shot 1-pump mocha with room isn’t a coffee order – it’s an Olympic dive. Grab a Red Bull and make the scrum on time.

Be honest – but not too honest.
“I’m so hung over my eyelids are nictating” may be the most truthful response to the question “Do you have any problems preventing you from accomplishing your goal today?” But it’s TMI – just finish the widget, okay?

A Marketer’s Guide to Agile Development – Embracing the F Word

Marketers don’t use the F word very often. It makes them peevish and erodes their self-esteem.

No, no, no, I don’t mean that F word. Marketers use that one a lot. Like omigod, like verbal hot sauce they sprinkle over everything – more frequently than “and” or “the”. Oh wait, that’s me. But I digress.

I’m talking about F for failure. Failure is a dirty word in some organizations. You’ve all heard some of those old canards at some point in your careers:

“Failure is not an option.”

“I don’t want to hear about any problems, only the solutions.”

“The success of this project is critical to our ________ (financial goals, department’s ability to get budget dollars next year, new product launch, long-term strategy, next bonus payout, continued employment, yadda, yadda, yadda.)

“I can’t go into that conference room and tell my _______ (team, boss, department head, rival department head whose project was deep-sixed for this one, Exec VP, C-Level, board, shareholders, blah, blah, blah) that _________ (it’s too buggy to go to market by the launch date, we worked feverishly on a flawed assumption, the strategy was sound but we fell down on execution, the consultants recommended scrapping the project and starting anew, yak, yak, yak.)

“We’ve spent too much ___________ (money, time, resources, political capital, wah, wah, wah.) on this project to cut bait now.”

Failure is part of nature and part of life, but you’d never know it in some of these misguidedly rah-rah organizations that banish anything that doesn’t smell like success. People in these business environments learn quickly what’s required for self-preservation. They won’t say out loud that they tried something that didn’t work. Why is that?

Fear.  They’re afraid they’ll look stupid among their colleagues, and that will make them vulnerable. Ironically, they end up throwing stupid money at doomed efforts just to avoid looking stupid.

So they deliver an app that’s already obsolete by its release date instead of regrouping and redirecting the money and resources toward the app the company really needs.

Allowing people to admit failure is critical to success. It isn’t an excuse to be lazy, to embark on half-baked or vanity initiatives, to avoid accountability. The person in charge of a failed project is accountable to figure out what went wrong and how the business can use that learning to move on to better things. One never sets out to fail. In fact, if you have nothing but string after string of failures without a winner every so often, there’s a systemic problem. Maybe it’s a resource issue, maybe it’s politics, maybe overall company goals need some realignment. But if you’re never failing, you may be playing it too safe. There’s an old adage in auto racing “If you’re not crashing once in a while, you’re not racing hard enough.”

Some thoughts on avoiding this no-failure-allowed trap:

Be realistic about your odds of success – most businesses don’t have enough time or people to bring everything they want to do to fruition. Working smarter has its limits. When you can only push out a finite amount of product, every initiative becomes critically important – and it’s an easy mistake to mandate that each has to be a winner. That’s just not reality. Some will be black truffles, some will be turds. Making your people call the turds truffles… well, you don’t really want to go there, do you?

An Agile development environment will help you. Its iterative deliverables can help you discover that you laid an egg faster than other development methods – allowing you to rethink, retool, or move on.

Test. Test. Test. You engaged in initiatives on the hypothesis that completing them would improve some business results. Robust and disciplined A/B or multivariate testing will show quickly if your hypothesis is true or false. User testing (real users – not your lunch buddies) will tell you if you got the architecture and design right. Of course, you determined what the success metrics would be before the initiative began, right? Right? (tap, tap – hello, is this thing on?). And you would never be that guy who agrees on the success metrics, and when the test doesn’t support his hypothesis, attempts to discredit the test, right? (tap, tap, tap…)

If the testing shows that the initiative makes things worse and not better, then yes, you may have to throw out some completed work. Yes, it means your idea wasn’t a clear winner. Yes, it means that your development team may not get the validation of seeing their code come to life in production. We’re all grown-ups. If we didn’t have to make tough choices, it wouldn’t be called work and they wouldn’t have to pay us. Okay then. Let’s learn from this and try another idea.

So you didn’t find the black truffle this time. The truffles are out there. And you won’t find them until you pick another tree.

A Marketer’s Guide to Agile Development – 3 Lessons from Today’s Workday

Lesson: Even if you have a Dremel rotary tool hanging in the garage, sometimes that old putty knife in the drawer can still come in handy.
Today I took my department offsite to grok out a complicated analytical task. It had a lot of moving parts. After examining all the analytical and sharing tools at our disposal, SPSS, SQL, Meetingplace, Sharepoint, Wikis, KJ technique….I confidently selected the right tools for the tasks. The winner: MS Excel and a screen projector. With the addition of some comfy chairs and quality snacks, it got the job done.

Lesson: Know the difference between minutiae and details. You can probably get away with ignoring minutiae – not so much on the details.
The facility at which we held the session failed again and again to sieze opportunities to help us work efficiently. They sent us up to a room they said was open and wasn’t. Fifteen minutes lost there. The whiteboard and phone were there as promised, and the comfy chairs too. Good. Uh oh, electrical outlets 12 feet from the table, no power cords anywhere. Twenty minutes lost there improvising a new set-up. Tasty lunch, all the orders gotten right, on their seventy-five minute pacing instead of our forty-five. How many times have I seen my beloved Red Sox hit the ball well enough, but rack up enough errors to lose the game? It felt a little like that today.

Lesson: The most unlikely things can make the difference between victory and defeat. Despite the challenges, we got it done. Why? We’re professionals. We’re motivated. We genuinely like each other. We kept the process simple enough so we wouldn’t get lost in the weeds. And we had snacks. One place this facility overdelivered on was the cookies. Okay, they overdelivered them twenty minutes after we finished lunch, but they were better than… a lot of things in life. They injected the sugar rush that got us to the finish line. Who knew? Well, I did. Cookies and Excel. Sometimes it just works.

A Marketer’s Guide to Agile Development – Top Five Reasons Agile Teams Hate Marketers

In a previous column, we reviewed some reasons why some marketers give Agile the stink-eye. Let’s review why developers may be sending that stink-eye right back at ’em.

They’re annoyed – by short attention span theatre.
Marketing is all about the art of the possible. Brighter, shinier, cooler possibilities assail marketer’s brains constantly – it’s relentless. Those deep thoughts surface at inopportune times – like when their original, slightly less cool vision is in testing phase. Intellectually, they may know the enhancement should wait for the next sprint. But emotionally, this new cooler version becomes their vision of the finished project. So they become serial badgerers, imploring the PM and the developers to make “this one little change” here, “a small tweak” there. Hey marketers – a little discipline please. If you catch yourself uttering a sentence that begins with “keep it exactly the same, except….”, snap the elastic on your wrist and go back to your desk.

Sure, some marketers argue that Agile environments are supposed to welcome changing requirements. They do, in theory. The GOP welcomes healthy bipartisan debate in theory too. Theories are like that. Unlike the GOP, Agile doesn’t filibuster – it simply pushes the change to backlog. Or depending on the rank and title of the badgerer, stays late and does it, and harbors resentment.

They’re misunderstood – most marketers are clueless about sprint process.
Many marketers do actually think that if their request is not yet in production, they can still make changes, even if it’s 3 in the afternoon and the release is at 5:30. They’re not really trying to be jerks, they simply don’t know better. But they should. Responsible marketers, with the help of the project manager and/or scrum manager, learn the rhythms of the development organization that brings their ideas to life. When they do, they understand that recalcitrance isn’t the only reason behind a refusal to accept a change. But development teams take notice – once a marketer has taken the time to understand and honor your process, you’ll have to stick by your process too. No more blue smoke and mirrors.

They’re resentful – they’re the ones staying til 8:30 on Friday night.
Let’s just say it. Marketers have a reputation of not working very hard. Full disclosure, I’m in Marketing. That Dilbert cartoon with the sign that says “Marketing – 2 Drink Mininum” hangs on my wall. But trust me, most of us work our share of nights and weekends – usually individually instead of communally. Maybe because we’re not visibly toiling away night after night as a department, development teams can sometimes assume that they’re doing all the heavy lifting while Marketing lounges on divans eating bon bons while watching Oprah. That’s a myth. We only eat bon bons if the mailhouse vendor sends them at Christmas. And we only watch Oprah when we’re home sick. Some of us not even then.

They’re apprehensive – Marketing can declare all their work a failure.
A pet peeve of mine is when I’m in a meeting where someone justifies a decision with “well, I think users would want…” I just want to cut off that sentence with an air horn. Good marketers test. Good marketers declare success metrics for their initiatives, and Agile teams should abide by the same set of metrics. In my experience, when Agile teams reject Marketing’s analytics in favor of their own metrics, usually their own analytics tell them they don’t need to change their code. Objective, dispassionate measurement makes continuous improvement possible. It doesn’t matter if a developer missed his high school reunion to code the new product page, or the Angel Gabriel handed the style guide down from the sky to the CMO on an iPad. If Marketing Analytics results show that it’s decreasing rather than improving conversions, that page is going bye bye until they figure out why.

They’re jealous – Marketing gets all the cool swag.
The new branding campaign launches. Marketing gets the leather bomber jackets with the new logo on the sleeve. The developers get logo coffee mugs that can’t go in the dishwasher. Marketing celebrates the launch at Le Chateau Tres Cher. The developers stay back at the office with a Quizno’s platter to code the hot fixes. This dynamic is actually changing in some organizations. Marketing budgets aren’t what they used to be. And IT executives can order swag too.

A Marketer’s Guide to Agile Development – Wait…So Following a Plan is Bad?

The Agile Manifesto is quite clear about how much it values following a plan – not so much. Response to change gets the love instead.

Therein lies the marketer’s dilemma. CMO’s notoriously have a hot nut for project roadmaps – but Agile development teams often don’t welcome detailed plans – ooh, ick, they’re so Waterfally. So how do you assure your sort-of-Agile-not-really leader that you are executing on a marketing project plan that’s not being sequentially followed by the folks who are actually building the software?

Show him or her your backlog items.
It may be hard to get your C-level comfortable with a list of tasks that you have no guarantee will be done by the next sprint. You could add in the kanban, which is more of an operational aide than a executive presentation medium. But at least you can prove that you understand and have presented to the tech foks what needs to be done.

Demo the latest iteration of working software.
Sure – but beware of expectations. Marketing and Technology executives can define “working software” very differently. The apps dev team delivered a screen for the April 16th sprint release that slowly brings up week-old data from the dev server when you click the “submit” button. Server call performance will be addressed in a future sprint. The CTO: sprint mission accomplished. The CMO: my order history doesn’t come up – this thing doesn’t work.

Some advice – if the current iteration isn’t yet optimized for performance, don’t show it to the CMO. Sometime between pressing the “Let’s Get Started” button and the 112 seconds the app takes to complete the server call, you’ll lose trust. If the current iteration works with reasonable speed, but is missing some non-essential functionality, it probably won’t hurt to show the progress being made, with the proper caveats and disclaimers.

Pretend it’s still waterfall.
Show the wireframe of the screen in active development, and say “they’re working on this part now”. Hey, that worked for years.

A Marketer’s Guide to Agile Development – What Agile Can and Can’t Do

Agile can’t: Make stupid people smart.
Agile can: Make smart people more efficient.

Agile can’t: Properly prioritize objectives if business owners can’t.
Agile can: Help business owners to properly weigh priorities.

Agile can’t: Fix a failing strategy with good process.
Agile can: Use good process to continuously improve a flawed strategy.

Agile can’t: Compensate for a profound lack of resources.
Agile can: Make the most of limited resources.

Agile can’t: Replace corporate vision with what’s cool and fun to work on.
Agile can: Inject cool and fun into the corporate vision.

Agile can’t: Be a business objective.
Agile can: Help business objectives become reality.

A Marketer’s Guide to Agile Development – Spanish Inquisition Analytics

CMOs say it all the time.  “The great thing about digital marketing is that you have hard data to know what’s working. Data doesn’t lie.”

Nonsense. Data does lie. Data lies all the time. Like a rug.

Spanish Inquisition Analytics means torturing the data until it says what you want it to say.  Reminds me of my youth when I was learning to drive a stick-shift in hilly New England – grind it till it fits.

I’m not talking about spin. If you completed 100 projects through April, then added 5 more in May and 10 more in June, you’re more likely to say:

“we saw a 100% incremental gain in month-over-month project completions in June” (June minus May, divided by May)

than

“we increased the number of completed projects by 9.52% in June.” (10 in June divided by 105 total at the end of May)

Both statements are factual. The first makes the project manager look better on a PowerPoint slide, and that’s okay – it’s just spin. Marketers frikkin’ love spin – having invented it and all.

Spanish Inquisition analytics aren’t mere spin -they’re deliberately crafted to mislead. While true analytics prove or disprove a hypothesis, Spanish Inquisition analytics assumes a positive position, then changes or eliminates data that doesn’t support that proof. Here’s an example uncovered in July 2010 by MediaMatters.org:

Fox News showed this chart to support a story that job loss was still soaring. But since the data didn’t support their premise, they tortured it by cherry-picking the quarterly results that fit their premise, and eliminating those that did not. Notice the timing of the data points. The first data point is December 2007. The second is 9 months later, the third just 6 months later, and the fourth a whopping 15 months later. The data they used is technically correct – but it’s showing cumulative instead of incremental data on an improperly paced timeline. The story? US jobs are still being dropped faster than 8am Foundations of Western Civilization. The reality? Here’s how the data actually looked – a decidedly different story.

It’s like picking out the cheese, tomatoes and croutons out of a salad and passing it off as pizza.

Another trick is to skew the research itself to support your aims. Target a marketing campaign solely to customers who have bought every iteration of your software on their release dates, and you’re likely to report a 95% take rate. But you better stay away from reporting the ROI -because you just paid to get people to buy who would have bought anyway. Test a targeted web product only amongst your allies and immediate circle, and you’ll get data, alright. But use that data to project satisfaction with your site, and you’ll be blindsided at launch when your target audiences don’t find it true to their vibe.

You want to look good? Get some Botox. You want to get some real insight? Let your data people tell the real story. Nobody expects the Spanish Inquisition.

POSTSCRIPT – February 24, 2011

Hey kids, here’s a brand new way to torture analytics from – you guessed it – your friends at the Fox News Academy of Creative Analytics. If Gallup Poll results don’t support your argument, just invert them! 61% of Americans oppose taking away collective bargaining rights? Presto! 61% of Americans now favor it!  Yup, this actually made it on the air. Here’s a link to the story.

Full disclosure: I lean left. Yet, my beef with Fox in these two cases are as a data professional rather than a liberal. Facts aren’t inherently truths. But facts changed to support predetermined conclusions are inherently lies – regardless of ideology. 

A Marketer’s Guide to Agile Development – Top 5 Reasons Marketers Hate Agile

DISTRUST – THEY’VE BEEN BULLIED BY A ZEALOT
Agile can be a revolutionary marvel when everyone keeps their egos in check – Marketers’ egos especially. But marketers feel burned when Agile development professionals, maybe drunk on empowerment, start delivering what they think the marketer should have asked for instead of what they actually did ask for. As said in previous posts, the marketer blames Agile practice for this arrogance, not the practitioner. Especially when they’re on the receiving end of the lecture on how there’s no need for turf wars because Agile is collaborative.

FEAR – THEY’RE AFRAID FOR THEIR JOBS
Some Agile teams mistake empowerment for omnipotence. User experience, email best practice, product demand and ROI, SEO impacts, call-to-action placement – marketers develop deep expertise on best practices over long periods of study and immersion. Do they feel threatened when an Agile developer two years out of school feels her expertise equals theirs because she read “Don’t Make Me Think” over the weekend? Affirmative.

FATIGUE – THEY’RE AFRAID TO TAKE A DAY OFF
The marketer’s project requirement was scheduled to take 2 hours of coding time, but the dev team hit a snag. In the land of Waterfall, marketers were rarely if ever asked to stop their daily activities to accommodate coding questions. No, they’d be asked if they had an opening on Friday, (sorry, golf event, how’s Tuesday?) to discuss the coding dilemma nice and civilized over an International Coffee Cafe Mocha in the conference room with the new comfy chairs. Then Agile comes. Suddenly, marketers are stalked on their way to the loo to make decisions NOW. No scheduling. No Cafe Mocha. Standing, no comfy chairs. And if the marketer or a proxy isn’t available, a member of the development team makes the decision for them. Yeah, tee off without me, guys. And pass me a can of Monster.

JEALOUSY – THEY’RE NO LONGER THE COOL ONES
Marketers always attended the cool events and conferences, controlled the cool swag items in the prize closet, wore the cool threads. Now the dev team gets the paintball outing, attends SES on the opposite coast, has the interesting desk toys and rocks matching team logo retro bowling shirts. Marketers who perceive loss of status tend not to embrace their usurpers with open arms.

CYNICISM – BEEN THERE, DONE THAT, BOUGHT THE SOUVENIR TEASPOON.
What does Agile remind some marketers of? Sweatin’ to the oldies. MBO. Process Re-Engineering. Six Sigma. Quality Circle. Knowledge Management. Total Quality Monitoring. The Ultimate Question. Peak Performance. One Minute Manager. Email blast. Greed is Good. Once these initiatives were that dreamy guy in the Lethal Weapon movies, now they’re just Mel Gibson. Many marketers don’t want to get all sweaty again for a fad that will fall out of fashion. So they simply stall and wait for it to be over. You know, like Prince says the Internet is.